北方农牧交错带农田生态系统健康评价 ——以武川县为例

采用生态系统健康的理论和评价方法分析评价农田生态环境问题具有重要的理论和现实意义,应用生态健康指数定量评价农田健康水平是生态系统管理的重要内容。以武川县农田为研究对象,选择水分、生物量、幅宽等代表性指标,分析了不同作物覆盖下农田生态健康指数。结果表明:不同种植模式间农田健康指数差别明显。播种期较早的小麦田最为健康,没有采用地膜覆盖的马铃薯田健康指数最低,而采用地膜覆盖的马铃薯田健康指数比较高。推广小麦栽培和覆膜栽培是北方农牧交错带农田很好的经营管理模式,具有推广价值,是缓解该地区环境的有效手段之一。     

鸣禽鸟的发声中枢及其神经传导通路的研究

鸣禽鸟的发声中枢及其神经传导通路的研究曾庆华，赵玲，姜立嘉（东北师范大学生物系）鸣禽鸟之所以能发出婉动听的鸣叫，不仅仅是依赖于外围发声器（鸣管）来完成，而是经过多级水平的相关中枢组成的机能系统密切配合统一调节方能完成的。这个机能系统称它为各级发声中枢...     

德阳市湿地水鸟资源及保护对策

湿地水鸟是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分，对维持湿地生态系统起着举足轻重的作用。德阳建市20a来，虽曾救护过不少濒危水鸟，但该市的湿地水鸟资源不清。1999年2002年，3次对全市湿地区域内的野生水鸟种类、分布进行了专项调查研究，调查结果显示，德阳市分布有湿地水鸟9目12科42属78种，大多属于旅鸟和候鸟，留鸟甚少，属中日保护协定水鸟50种，中澳保护协定水鸟16种。论文还就保护德阳市湿地水鸟提出了6条建议。为德阳市政府制定保护湿地水鸟规划提供科学依据。     

县域高标准农田建设项目遴选布局方法——以舒兰市为例

本研究旨在为科学布局高标准农田建设项目提供技术支持。从分析建设适宜性和空间稳定性入手,提出了基于耦合协调度模型和冷热点分析的项目区遴选方法,并在吉林省舒兰市进行实证研究。结果表明：舒兰市高标准农田建设潜力较大,高适宜区和中适宜区合占耕地总面积的74.91%,主要分布在北部乡镇;空间稳定性与建设适宜性的空间分布大致相同,整体呈现“北部高于南部”的特征;高标准农田建设呈现明显的“北部易于南部”特征,其中优良协调类占耕地总面积的52.92%,主要分布在平安镇、金马镇、七里乡、开原镇、水曲柳镇和天德乡等,该类耕地自然禀赋较好、基础设施完备,并且与城镇、交通干线有一定距离,建设占用的可能性较小,高标准农田建设难度最小;高标准农田建设适宜性和空间稳定性耦合协调度的热点区主要分布在法特镇、莲花乡、天德乡、平安镇、七里乡等北部乡镇,是高标准农田项目的优先选择区域。结合研究区实际,确定舒兰市“十三五”期间高标准农田建设区总面积10828.89 hm ²。     

天柱县耕地生产潜力与人口承载力研究

以天柱县为例,估算2020年耕地生产潜力,并进行了耕地人口承载力的分析。结果表明,天柱县的粮食增产潜力在理论上较大,在未来10年内,耕地资源数量将延续持续减少伴随着未来人口增加是不可逆转的,这两者的矛盾尖锐,未来耕地承载力面临的形势还很严峻。     

Ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma in a northern red-shouldered macaw: case report and literature review

A 4-mo-old northern red-shouldered macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis) was admitted to the veterinary hospital of the Arruda Câmara Zoo, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil, for investigation of an orbital mass. Given rapid progression and lack of response to treatment, the bird was euthanized, and an autopsy was performed. Histologically, the mass consisted of a retrobulbar invasive tumor characterized by tubular and rosette-like structures, with interspersed heteroplastic tissues, such as aggregates of neuroglial cells and islands of hyaline cartilage. The tumor was immunopositive for pancytokeratin, GFAP, NSE, and S100. These findings were compatible with an ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma, a neoplasm best described in humans but also reported rarely in young cockatiels and African Grey parrots.     

Avian anaesthesia related mortality and the associated risk factors in a UK zoological collection

ObjectiveTo analyse avian anaesthesia-related mortality in a UK zoological collection over a 5-year period and identify risk factors for mortality.Study designRetrospective cohort study.AnimalsA total of 135 individual birds across 37 species, anaesthetized during 206 events in a UK zoological collection between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2019 (inclusive).MethodsAnaesthesia records were reviewed and variables such as age, body condition, weight, sex, duration of anaesthesia and health status were collated. Anaesthesia-related mortality was defined as those deaths occurring during anaesthesia and up to 7 days postanaesthesia. Outcome was analysed using multivariable conditional logistic regression. Overall mortality was defined and included birds euthanised during anaesthesia for non-anaesthesia related reasons. Data were summarised as median (range). A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for the association between risk factors and anaesthetic death where a statistically significant difference was found.ResultsThe overall mortality rate was 10.19% (95% CI = 6.06–14.3%), while anaesthesia-related mortality was 3.88% (95% CI = 1.69–7.51%). Birds with an abnormal health status had a 15.53-fold (95% CI = 1.95–123.63) increased risk of death compared with those with a normal health status. The duration of anaesthesia was also a statistically significant risk factor (p = 0.021) in the univariable analysis, but not when combined with health status. No other variables were associated with anaesthesia-related mortality.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAbnormal health status and longer anaesthetic procedures were associated with a significantly increased risk of anaesthesia-related death in this population of birds. It is recommended that anaesthetic duration is minimized, and pre-existing diseases are diagnosed where possible prior to general anaesthesia of birds. Anaesthetizing healthy birds was associated with a low risk of mortality.     

能量高效的农田无线传感器网络拓扑关联路由算法

针对农田无线传感器网络节点分布不均、能量约束严格等特点,提出了一种能量高效的簇头选择方法TBCS-EA,在以剩余能量进行簇头选择的基础上根据节点拓扑位置、拓扑密度等进行加权,使距离sink较近的节点与密集区节点大概率成为簇头,提高成簇能量使用效率。针对现有成簇算法频繁进行簇头选举,算法开销大等问题,提出了一种能量逼近式簇头轮换机制,节点连续担任簇头并以某一目标进行能量逼近,在达到逼近目标后进行根据簇内信息指定新簇头,减少簇头选择的次数与协议开销。仿真与实验结果表明,TBCS-EA算法的网络生命周期约为LEACH的2.2倍,CHCS的1.5倍,从节点能量曲线看能耗均衡效果与CHCS相当,明显优于LEACH。结果显示TBCS-EA综合性能较之于现有算法有明显提升。